Anterior sleep spindles in rats only partially resemble anterior spindles in humans, but posterior spindles seem to be rather specific. Similar to humans, there are two topographically specific types of sleep spindles in rats: anterior and posterior ( Terrier and Gottesmann, 1978). Sleep spindles have met great interest of neurobiologists and clinicians, because they are linked to synaptic plasticity in neuronal networks and processes of memory consolidation (reviewed in Fogel and Smith, 2011 Bodizs et al., 2014 Ujma et al., 2015) and dreaming processes ( Nielsen et al., 2017). In animals, the frequency of sleep spindles tends to be slightly lower, 7–14 Hz, than in humans ( Steriade, 2003). The first commonly accepted definition was given by Rechtschaffen and Kales ( 1968): waxing and waning oscillations of 12–14 Hz and of at least 0.5 s duration. Sleep spindles were first described by Loomis et al. The name “spindle” refers to its characteristic waxing and waning envelope. Sleep spindles are the hallmark of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in humans and animals (reviewed in De Gennaro and Ferrara, 2003 De Gennaro et al., 2005).
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